#3 Personal pronoun (સર્વનામ) and Important and useful verb forms for learning tenses (કાળ શીખવા માટે મહત્વાનાં અને ઉપયોગી ક્રિયાપદોનાં રૂપો)

 Personal and reflexive pronouns- પુરુષવાચક અને માલિકી દર્શક સર્વનામ

First person:

      બોલનાર વ્યક્તિને ફર્સ્ટ પર્સન કહેવાય.

       દા.ત., પ્રોનાઉન- I, me અને  mine (singular- એકવચન માટે)

       પ્રોનાઉન- We, us અને ours (plural- બહુવચન માટે)

Second person:

      સાંભળનાર વ્યક્તિ ને સેકંડ પર્સન કહેવાય.

      દા.ત., પ્રોનાઉન- you અને yours (singular and plural- એકવચન અને બહુવચન બંને            માટે)

Third person:

     જેના વિષે (વસ્તુ, વ્યક્તિ કે પ્રાણી) વાતચીત થતી હોય તેને થર્ડ પર્સન કહેવાય.

     દા.ત., પ્રોનાઉન- પુરુષ- he, him, his.

     સ્ત્રી- she, her, hers.

     વસ્તુ કે પ્રાણી- it અને its(singular- એકવચન માટે)

     પ્રોનાઉન- They, them અને theirs (plural- બહુવચન માટે)

Personal and Reflexive pronoun
Person	Subjective Pronouns	Objective Pronouns	Possessive Pronouns	Reflexive Pronouns
First person singular	I	Me	Mine	Myself
Second person singular	You	You	Yours	Yourself
Third person singular	He	Him	His	Himself
	She	Her	Hers	Herself
	It	It	It	Itself
First person Plural	We	Us	Ours	Ourselves
Second person plural	You	You	Yours	Yourselves
Third person plural	They	Them	Theirs	Themselves

 

3. Intensive Pronouns

Identical to reflexive pronouns but used for emphasis.

Example: I myself built this house.

 

4. Demonstrative Pronouns

Point to specific things based on distance or number.

This (singular, near)

That (singular, far)

These (plural, near)

Those (plural, far)

Example: This is my favorite song.

 

5. Relative Pronouns

Introduce relative clauses and connect them to a noun.

Who (refers to people, subject)

Whom (refers to people, object)

Whose (shows possession, people or things)

Which (refers to things or animals)

That (refers to people, things, or animals)

Example: The person who called me was kind.

 

6. Interrogative Pronouns

Used to ask questions.

Who (subject, people)

Whom (object, people)

Whose (possession, people or things)

What (things or ideas)

Which (specific choice among options)

Example: What is your name?

 

7. Indefinite Pronouns

Refer to non-specific people or things.

Singular: Anyone, Anybody, Someone, Somebody, Everyone, Everybody, No one, Nobody, Something, Nothing, Anything, Everything, Each, Either, Neither

Plural: Both, Few, Many, Several

Singular or Plural: All, Any, Most, None, Some

Example: Someone left their bag here.

 

8. Reciprocal Pronouns

Show a mutual relationship.

Each other (two entities)

One another (more than two entities)

Example: They love each other.

 

Useful verb forms for learning tenses

કાળ શીખવા માટેનાં ઉપયોગી રૂપો

(1) To do forms for simple tense

• Present: do/does
• Past:.     did
• Future:  will do/ shall do

(2) To be forms for continuous tense

• Present: am/is/are
• Past:.     was/were
• Future:  will be/shall be

(3) To have forms for perfect and  perfect continuous tense

• Present: have/ has
• Past:       had
• Future:  will have/ shall have

To do forms with subjects
Subject	Present	Past	Future
I	Do	Did	Will do/shall do
We	Do	Did	Will do/shall do
You	Do	Did	Will do/shall do
They	Do	Did	Will do/shall do
He	Does	Did	Will do/shall do
She	Does	Did	Will do/shall do
It	Does	Did	Will do/shall do
To be forms with subjects
Subject	Present	Past	Future
I	Am	Was	Will be/shall be
We	Are	Were	Will be/shall be
You	Are	Were	Will be/shall be
They	Are	Were	Will be/shall be
He	Is	Was	Will be/shall be
She	Is	Was	Will be/shall be
It	Is	Was	Will be/shall be
To have forms with subjects
Subject	Present	Past	Future
I	Have	Had	Will have/shall have
We	Have	Had	Will have/shall have
You	Have	Had	Will have/shall have
They	Have	Had	Will have/shall have
He	Has	Had	Will have/shall have
She	Has	Had	Will have/shall have
It	Has	Had	Will have/shall have

કાળ(tense) શીખવા ઉપર દર્શાવેલ સર્વનામ(pronouns) અને to do/to be તથા તો have ના રૂપોની જાણકારી હોવી ખુબ જ અગત્યની છે, તેને કાળ(tense) શીખવા માટેનો પાયો પણ ગણી શકાય, જો સર્વનામ(pronouns) અને to do/to be તથા to have ના રૂપોમાં કોઈ સમજ ના પડે તો કાળ(tense) શીખવા માં પણ ઘણી બધી મુશ્કેલી પડે. અને જો સર્વનામ(pronouns) અને to do/to be તથા to have ના રૂપોને એકવાર સારી રીતે સમજી લઈએ તો કાળ(tense) શીખવા એકદમ સરળ બની જાય.

click here for Learn tenses easily- કાળ શીખવાની સરળ રીત