This is an overview of basic Spanish (Español) grammar for the beginners, this will provide an insight of Spanish language and will be helpful for them and will be proven as a stepping stone in other words a starting point to learn and explore the language.
Fonẽtica (phonetics)
A. Ah
B. Beh
C. Seh
/S/ /K/
D. Deh
E. Eh
F. Efeh
G. Heh
/G/ /H/ (G- with AOU and H- with EI)
H. Ahche (silent)
I.
Ee
/I/
J.
Hota
/H/
K. Kah
L. Eleh
LL- ehye /doble l/ /J/ between /J & Y/
M. Ehme /M/
N. Ehne
/N/
Ň- Enye /Ny/
O. Oh
P. Peh
Q. Koo
R. Ehre
RR- /RR/
S. Ehse
T. The
U. Ooo
V. Ubeh /B/ /V/
W. Doble u /V/
X. Ehquis /X/ /H/
Y. Eegriega /J/ /E/ * used for ‘and’ too
Z. Sehta /S/
Personal pronoun
Sing. Plural
|
yo |
Nosotros |
|
Tú |
Vosotros |
|
Ēl Ella Usted |
Ellos Ellas Ustedes |
We will put
all verb form in above pattern. All you need to do is just put the verb form in
the place of subjects. For example; Yo soy, Nosotros somos, Tú eres etc.
Ser & Estar (To be)
Ser
|
Soy |
Somos |
|
Eres |
Soís |
|
Es |
Son |
Ser only used for;
Permanent condition
Occupation
Place of origin
Identification
Nationality
Estar
|
Estoy |
Estamos |
|
Estás |
Estáis |
|
Está |
Estan |
Estar only used for;
Temporary condition
Location
Verbs
‘Ar’ verbs
|
O |
Amos |
|
As |
Ais |
|
A |
An |
Examples;
Hablar
|
Hablo |
Hablamos |
|
Hablas |
hablais |
|
Habla |
Hablan |
‘Er’ verbs
|
O |
Emos |
|
Es |
Éis |
|
E |
En |
Comer
|
Como |
comemos |
|
Comes |
coméis |
|
come |
comen |
‘Ir’ verbs
|
O |
Imos |
|
Es |
Ís |
|
E |
En |
vivir
|
Vivo |
Vivimos |
|
Vives |
VivÍs |
|
Vive |
Viven |
‘Ar’ verbs
1. Llegar- arrive
2. Preguntar- ask
3. Cepillar- brush
4. Comprar- buy
5. Llamar-call
6. Cerar- close
7. Llorar- cry
8. Cortar- cut
9. Bailar- dance
10. Dibujar- draw
11. Sonar- dream
12. Entrar- enter
13. Borrar- erase
14. Explicar- explain
15. Terminar- finish
16. Olvidar- forget
17. Congelar- freeze
18. Ayudar- help
19. Sujetar- hold
20. Abrazar-hug
21. Gustar- like
22. Mirar- look
23. Amar- love
24. Fallar-miss
25. Necesitar-need
26. Pagar- pay
27. Descolgar- pick-up
28. Tirar- pull
29. Empujar- push
30. Recorder- remember
31. Alquilar- rent
32. Respetar- respect
33. Descansar- rest
34. Buscar- search
35. Cantar- sing
36. Hablar- speak
37. Estudiar- study
38. Sudar-sweet
39. Hablar- talk
40. Enseñar- teach
41. Esperar- wait
42. Andar- walk
43. Mirar- watch
44. Trabajar- work
45. Asistir - asist
46. Acostar- go to bed
47. Acabar- finish
48. Bajar- go down/ get off from bus
49. Acordar- agree/ accept
50. Cambiar- change
51. Casar- get married
52. Cocinar- cook
53. Comezar- start
54. Cenar-have dinner
55. Relajar- relax
56. Ducharse- shower
57. Lavar- wash
58. Entregar- submit
59. Dar- give
60. Dehar- leave
61. Desayunar- have break fast
62. Desear- wish
Er & Ir verbs
1. Creer- believe
2. Romper-break
3. Poder- can
4. Venir- come
5. Corregir-correct
6. Hacer-do/make
7. Beber- drink
8. Comer- eat
9. Sentir- feel
10. Vivir- live
11. Abrir-open
12. Decir- say
13. Ver-see
14. Vender- sell
15. Servir- service
16. Dormer- sleep
17. Coger-take
18. Agradecer-thank
19. Pensar- think
20. Viajar- travel
21. Apagar- turn-off
22. Encender- turn-on
23. Compartir- share
24. Coducir- drive
25. Conocer- know
26. Conseguir- get/obtain
27. Llovar- rain
28. Leer- read
29. Repetir- repeat
30. Devolver- return
31. Paseo- ride
32. Querer- want
33. Escribir-write
34. Caber- fit
35. Correr-run
36. Crecer-grow
37. Cruzar- cross
38. Cubrir-cover
39. Deber- must
40. Defender-defend/ stand- up for
41. Descubriri- discover
42. Despendir- say good bye
43. Ir- go
44. Oír- listen/hear
45. Aprender- learn
46. Salir- leave
Irregular verbs
1. Bañarse/ baño- bathe
2. Convertirse- become
3. Ejercitarse- exercise
4. Levantarse- get-up
5. Reírse- laugh
6. Parecerse- resemble
7. Tienda- shop
8. Hacerturismo- sight see
9. Estar de pie- stand
10. Mandar un mensaje de texto- text
11. Entender-understand
12. Despetarse-wake-up
13. Pasar un trapo- wipe
14. Reloj- watch
Pronoun & Reflexive pronoun
|
Subject pronoun |
Direct object pronoun |
Indirect object pronoun |
Reflexive pronoun |
Possesive pronoun(not
used frequently) |
Possesive adjectives |
||
|
singular |
plural |
singular |
plural |
||||
|
Yo |
Me |
Me |
Me(myself) |
Mía,Mío(mine) |
Mías,Míos |
Mi(my) |
Mis |
|
Tú |
Te |
Te |
Te |
Tuya,Tuyo |
Tuyas,Tuyos |
Tu |
Tus |
|
Usted |
Lo/La |
Le |
Se |
Suya,Suyo |
Suyas,Suyos |
Su |
Sus |
|
Él |
Lo |
Le |
Se |
Suya,Suyo |
Suyas,Suyos |
Su |
Sus |
|
Ella |
La |
Le |
Se |
Suya,Suyo |
Suyas,Suyos |
Su |
Sus |
|
Nosotros |
Nos |
Nos |
Nos |
Nuestro/a |
Nuestros/as |
Nuestro/a |
Nuestros/as |
|
Vosotros |
Os |
Os |
Os |
Vuestro/a |
Vuestros/as |
Vuestro/a |
Vuestros/as |
|
Ustedes |
Los/Las |
Les |
Se |
Suya,Suyo |
Suyas,Suyos |
Su |
Sus |
|
Ellos |
Los |
Les |
Se |
Suya,Suyo |
Suyas,Suyos |
Su |
Sus |
|
Ellas |
Las |
Les |
Se |
Suya,Suyo |
Suyas,Suyos |
Su |
Sus |
Tenses
|
yo |
Nosotros |
|
Tú |
Vosotros |
|
Ēl |
Ellos |
|
Ella |
Ellas |
|
Usted |
Ustedes |
Simple present tense
‘Ar’ verbs
|
O |
Amos |
|
As |
Ais |
|
A |
An |
‘Er’ verbs
|
O |
Emos |
|
Es |
Éis |
|
E |
En |
‘Ir’ verbs
|
O |
Imos |
|
Es |
Ís |
|
E |
En |
‘Ar’ verbs
|
É |
Amos |
|
Aste |
Asteis |
|
Ó |
Aron |
-car>remove ‘ar’ & add ‘que’
-zar>remove ‘z’ &
add ‘cé’
-gar>remove ‘ar’ &
add ‘ué’
‘Er’ verbs
|
Í |
Imos |
|
Iste |
Isteis |
|
ió |
Ieron |
‘Ser’/‘Ir’(go) verbs
|
Fui |
Fuimos |
|
Fuiste |
Fuisteis |
|
Fue |
Fueron |
Simple future tense
|
Voy a |
Vamos a |
|
|
Vas a |
Vais a |
+ Infinitive verb |
|
|
||
|
Va a |
Van a |
Or
|
É |
Emos |
|
Ás |
Éis |
|
Á |
Án |
Also used for
-probability
-prediction with wonder
Articles
Definite
El- for masculine
La- for feminine
Los- for masculine plural
Las- for feminine plural
Lo - for referring a noun
Un- for masculine
Una- for feminine
Unos- for masculine plural
Unas- for feminine plural
This & That
|
singular |
plural |
|
|
M |
this- este |
these- estos |
|
that- ese |
those- esos |
|
|
F |
this- esta |
these- estas |
|
that- esa |
those- esas |
