The fundamental rights and duties of citizens of India and DPSP

Fundamental Rights of the citizens of India

The Constitution offers all citizens, individually and collectively, some basic freedoms. These are guaranteed in the Constitution in the form of six broad categories of Fundamental Rights, which are justifiable. Article 12 to 35 contained in Part III of the Constitution deal with Fundamental Rights. These are:

1. Right to equality, including equality before law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, and equality of opportunity in matters of employment.
2. Right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association or union, movement, residence, and right to practice any profession or occupation (some of these rights are subject to security of the State, friendly relations with foreign countries, public order, decency or morality).
3. Right against exploitation, prohibiting all forms of forced labour, child labour and traffic in human beings.
4. Right to freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
5. Right of any section of citizens to conserve their culture, language or script, and right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice; and
6. Right to constitutional remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

 

Fundamental duties of the citizens of India

 

The following are the Fundamental Duties prescribed by the "Constitution of the nation" under PART [IV-A] to its every citizen:

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are a set of guidelines and principles laid down in the Constitution of India to guide the government in its decision-making process. These principles are non-justifiable, meaning that they cannot be enforced by a court of law, but they are considered fundamental in the governance of the country. In this article, we will be discussing the Directive Principles of State Policy and their importance in shaping the policies and actions of the government.

1. The origin of Directive Principles of State Policy

The Directive Principles of State Policy were inspired by the Irish Constitution of 1937, which laid down a set of principles for the government to follow in its decision-making process. The framers of the Indian Constitution believed that these principles were essential for the welfare and development of the people and the nation as a whole.

2. The main principles

The Directive Principles of State Policy are divided into three categories: social, economic, and political. The main principles include:

• The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.

• The State shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities, and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.

• The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good.

3. The role of Directive Principles of State Policy

The Directive Principles of State Policy serve as a guiding light for the government in its decision-making process. They provide a framework for the government to follow in order to promote the welfare and development of the people and the nation as a whole. They also serve as a check on the government's actions, ensuring that they are in line with the principles of social, economic, and political justice.

4. The implementation of Directive Principles of State Policy

The implementation of Directive Principles of State Policy is the responsibility of the government. However, the judiciary has the power to review the actions of the government and ensure that they are in line with the principles laid down in the Constitution. Additionally, the people also have a role to play in ensuring that the government is implementing these principles through their participation in the democratic process.

These principles serve as a framework for the government to follow in order to promote the welfare and development of the people and the nation as a whole. The implementation of these principles is the responsibility of the government, but the judiciary and the people also have a role to play in ensuring that they are being implemented effectively.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are a set of guidelines and principles laid down in the Constitution of India to guide the government in its decision-making process. These principles are non-justifiable, meaning that they cannot be enforced by a court of law, but they are considered fundamental in the governance of the country. In this article, we will be discussing the specific Directive Principles of State Policy outlined in articles 34 to 51 of the Indian Constitution.

• Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.

(1)  The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.

(2)  The State shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.

• Article 39: Secure citizens

 The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing—

(a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood;

(b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good;

(c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment;

(d) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women;

(e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength; 1

(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.

 

• Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid

The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.

 

• Article *40: Organization of village panchayats.(Part 9 Article 243)

The State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.

• Article 41: Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.

The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.

 

• Article 42: Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief

The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.

 

• Article 43: Living wage, etc., for workers.

The State shall endeavor to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organization or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the State shall endeavor to promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operative basis in rural areas.

 

• Article 43A: Participation of workers in management of industries

The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organizations engaged in any industry.

 

• Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizens.

The State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.

 

• Article *45: Provision for free and compulsory education for children

The State shall endeavor to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.

 

• Article 46: Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.

The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

 

• Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavor to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.

 

• Article 48: Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry

The State shall endeavor to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.

• Article 48A: Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life

The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.

 

• Article 49: Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.

It shall be the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, 2 [declared by or under law made by Parliament] to be of national importance, from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be.

 

• Article 50: Separation of judiciary from executive

 The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.

 

• Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security

(a) Promote international peace and security;

(b) Maintain just and honorable relations between nations;

(c) Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another; and

(d) Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

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ES test year-1

Employabiliy skills Test

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#12.2 Social media for professional development

12.2 We will explore the key aspects of effective use of social media as a career option:

1. Platform selection:  There are so many platforms for social media, it is essential to choose that matches our requirements. We should consider our target market, the type of content we offer and overall social media goal.

2. Brand consistency: Social media marketing relies heavily on consistency to build powerful brands. To promote consistency and create confidence, use the same logo, color scheme, and message across all channels.

3. Content Strategy: A content plan must be created if you want to succeed on social media. This entails establishing a strategy for the information you want to share, the frequency of your postings, and the objectives you intend to pursue through your content.

4. Engagement: To interact actively with your followers on social media a content creator should focus on an important component such as engagement. Build a strong community and gain more visibility by responding to comments, like and sharing posts, and engaging in discussions.

5. Analytics: It's essential to evaluate the performance of your social media initiatives, and doing so, calls for a grasp of statistics. To monitor the number of your follower’s growth, the levels of engagement, and your overall reach, use tools like Google Analytics or social media management software.

6. Visuals: In social media, visual content like photos and videos is very powerful. Use eye-catching pictures to draw followers in and enhance the effectiveness of your message.

7. Timing: Posting on an appropriate time is very important to reach large potential audience on social media. When deciding when to post, take into account variables like time zones, high use periods, and the kind of material you are publishing.

8. Hashtags: Hashtags are an effective way to gain more exposure on social media. Consider generating a branded hashtag for your company or personal brand in order to reach a larger audience by using relevant hashtags.

9. User-generated content: Inspiring your audience to create and share content may be a very powerful strategy for boosting engagement and creating a strong community. Think about implementing campaigns that motivate consumers to share content with your company, such as competitions, challenges, or other events.

10. Cross-promotion: Cross-promotion of your social media profiles is an excellent approach to increase presence and reach more people. Think about advertising your accounts using other advertising strategies, your website, and your email signature.

11. Interpersonal skills: Effective communication, empathy, and the capacity to build connections are important for succeeding on social media. While connecting with your fans, be kind, accessible, and quick to respond.

12. Authenticity: Being genuine to who you are as a person and to your company is essential on social media. Reputation and credibility might be damaged if you use false followers, buy likes or shares, or engage in other unethical behavior.

13. Adaptability: The social media world is continuously changing; therefore it's essential to be flexible and adaptive in your approach. Keep up with the most recent trends and advancements, and be open to trying new things.

14. Privacy and security: While using social media as a great tool for networking it is important to keep privacy and security as well. Be careful when disclosing personal information online, and routinely check your privacy settings to make sure they are configured properly.

15. Consistency:  Keeping posting schedule and way of communication on track is important to be succeeded on social media. To grow your audience and to build credibility as a source of information you should keep posting relevant and useful content regularly.

16. Collaboration: Working with other companies, influencers, or sector experts can help you expand your social media audience and exposure. Think about contacting people in your field to see if you can cooperate to accomplish shared objectives.

17. Influencer marketing: A developing trend on social media, influencer marketing may be a very efficient way of reaching a larger audience. To promote your business and attract a new audience, think about collaborating with influencers that have a following in your target market.

18. Consumer service: Social media may be a useful tool for offering customer service since it enables you to promptly address queries and issues from customers. Maintain frequent social media account monitoring and promptly and expertly address any consumer queries.

19. Storytelling: Storytelling is a powerful tool for connecting with and involving your audience. To create a devoted following on social media, publish tales about your company, its products, and its clients.

20. Video content: Very engaging video material may be a wonderful method to use social media to reach a larger audience. Use video to deliver lessons or how-to instructions, highlight your products, and provide behind-the-scenes looks at your company.

21. Live video:  Going live on social media is in trend and could be a very powerful feature to connect and engage with your followers and fans. To hold Q&A sessions, provide facilities tours, or deliver timely brand updates, think about using live video.

22. User experience:  Your profile must be simple and user friendly, because good experience of your followers is very important. Make sure your accounts are user-friendly and offer a fantastic experience for your followers by regularly reviewing and updating them.

23. Monitoring:  As a social media content creator you must be aware of the comments, criticism and any mentions on social media. Monitor your accounts using tools like social media management systems or notifications, and reply quickly to any mentions or comments.

24. Social listening: Social listening is a useful technique for learning what consumers are saying about your company, your products, and your sector. Monitor what is being said about your brand using social listening tools, and use this knowledge to guide your social media strategy.

In short, by following these general guidelines you can achieve your social media objectives as a profession. You may utilize social media to reach your target audience and provide the results you want by becoming an expert user of it and implementing these best practices into your plan.

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#12.1 Social media for professional development

12.1 Social media for professional development

Social networking is becoming a useful resource for professional development. Professionals may now interact with peers and thought leaders from across the world, access useful information, and remain up to date on market trends thanks to the growth of platforms like LinkedIn and Twitter. We'll look at how social media may be utilized for professional development in this post.

1. Networking: Social media is an effective tool for networking. Particularly, LinkedIn is a site created with professionals in mind. You may establish relationships with coworkers, mentors, and possible employers to expand your network of connections and progress your career.

2. Resources are easily accessible: Social media platforms are a great place to get materials for professional development. You may read articles, webinars, and other instructional content, follow thought leaders in your business, join professional organizations, and access these resources.

3. Staying updated: In social media it is one of the best way to stay  updated in your field.You may get information on the most recent advancements and best practices by following hashtags associated with your sector.

4. Personal branding: Social media may be an effective tool for branding a person. You can demonstrate your abilities to potential employers as well as to coworkers. You may position yourself as a thought leader and raise your exposure by posting insightful information and networking with other people in your field.

5. Collaboration: Social media may encourage knowledge-sharing and cooperation. You may interact with coworkers and peers, exchange knowledge and concepts, and collaborate on projects.

Use these suggestions for using social media to advance your career:

1. Define your goals: Setting goals is essential before using social media for professional development.

What do you want to achieve? Do you want to expand your network, keep up with business trends, or present your area of expertise?

2. Exercise strategic thinking: Using social media for professional development requires strategic thinking. Focus on developing a strong presence on the channels that are most relevant to your business and goals.

3. Interact with people on social media: It works both ways. Be in touch with the persons in your field to get most out of it. Join debates, leave comments on topics, and follow thought leaders.

4. Share valuable information: It's crucial to share worthwhile stuff if you want to become a thought leader. Articles, webinars, and other instructional materials might fall under this category. You may boost your exposure and establish reputation by sharing relevant material.

5. Be professional: Social media is a platform for professionals. Keep your language and tone in check, and refrain from publishing anything that can be interpreted as offensive or improper.

6. Follow industry influencers: Using social media to keep up with the newest developments and insights in your field is a terrific idea. You can leverage their knowledge and keep on top of the game by following influencers in your field.

7. Join industry-specific groups: Several social media sites feature groups that are focused on particular themes or industries. It is a fantastic approach to meet like-minded people and gain knowledge from others in your area is by joining these groups.

8. Attend virtual events: Webinars, conferences, and seminars are frequently advertised on social media sites like LinkedIn and Twitter. Being present at these events may be a fantastic chance to make connections with other professionals and learn from those with expertise in your business.

9. Utilize social media to build your resume: Unlike traditional resumes, social media sites like LinkedIn let you highlight your experience and talents. You can attract potential employers and boost your career by creating a solid profile and exhibiting your achievements.

10. Use social media to find job opportunities: Many firms now utilize social media to advertise job openings and track down prospective applicants. You may improve your chances of discovering career possibilities that are appropriate for your abilities and expertise by remaining active on social media and developing a strong network.

In general, social media has developed into a vital resource for career advancement. Social media can help you in achieving your goals, like if you want to expand your network, gain access to resources, or stay up to dated with business trends. You can make the most of social media for professional growth and advance your career by using these suggestions and a planned approach.

Click here Social media for professional development. part-2

#11 Social media

Social media

Social media has dominated our lives in the current digital era. A world without social media like Facebook, Instagram or Twitter is unimaginable. Social media has changed our way to connect with each other, but it has brought up with some problems and issues. We will inspect the advantages and disadvantages of social media in this lesson and also discuss the tactical ways to use it.

The advantages of social media:

1. Connection: The opportunity to interact with people globally is one of social media's main advantages. You may communicate with previous acquaintances, meet new people, and stay in touch with distant relatives.

2. Networking: Social media is a strong tool for creating contacts in the business world. You can connect with possible employers, coworkers, and mentors who can support your professional advancement.

3. Education: Social media sites can be a fantastic resource for knowledge and instruction. You may access educational materials, learn new things, and share your expertise.

4. Business Promotion: Now- a- days organizations also use social media as a tool for adverting their products. By using social media they can reach large market and remote area where it is not feasible to reach and interact.

5. Entertainment: Social networking may provide hours of fun. You may browse funny memes, watch movies, and listen to music.

Disadvantages of Social Media:

1. Cyber bullying: Prone to cyber bullying is one of biggest disadvantage of social media. Threats, trolling and hate speech are often seen on social media platforms, it provides a fertile ground to them.

2. Privacy: It might be difficult to preserve privacy on social media. People frequently provide private information without considering the dangers that might result.

3. Addiction: Social media addiction is a serious issue. It consumes all of your time to constantly check for notifications, likes, and comments.

4. Misinformation: Fake news and false data exist on social media. Because false information travels quickly, it has become challenging to tell the fact from fiction. Social media may be harmful to self-esteem in comparisons. Users frequently make comparisons to other people, which might cause feelings of inadequacy and inferiority complex.

Tips for using social media:

1. Set Boundaries: While using social media, limits must be established. Do not allow it take over your life or interfere with your relationships in the real world.

2. Think before posting: Always give your social media post some thought. How people will possibly react of on social media and real world as well? Then think about any potential consequences.

3. Be cautious with personal information: Do not post your personal information like address, mobile number, bank details and identity card details etc. on social media.

4. Use Social Media for Good: Make the use social media as a tool for doing good. Promote good acts, spread uplifting information, and utilize your platform to change the world.

5. Look after your mental health: think how social media might impact your emotional well-being. It might be time to take a break if using social media makes you feel nervous or sad.

Social media, in short, offers both benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, it may be a terrific tool for socializing, marketing companies, and getting access to educational materials. Setting limits, exercising caution when disclosing personal information, and utilizing social media for positive purposes will help you stay out of trouble and get the most out of this useful tool.

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